hey, we,re getting somewhere now

thats it panky, the faster moving air creates a greater pressure drop and lowers the temp, this means greater air density (more oxygen molecules per given volume) and we all know the greater the mass of air the more fuel can be burned. at the moment i am getting ice on the j4 manifold, not much chance of that on sybhil[xx(] (yet)[}

].
Rupert, the wave frequency is a factor of port diameter/length/volume cam profile pressure,particle velocity.
as the mixture continues moving after the valve shuts due to inertia/kinetic energy it hits the shut valve and is bounced back as a negative wave, this continues until it looses its amplitude or the valve opens again, hopefully just as a positive wave returns.the wave is reflected as soon as it hits "atmosphere".
the idea is to tune the pulses to compliment things like max torque,peak b.m.e.p,max bhp.
its all a bit acedemic really unless you coroborate it on the dyno.
as with any gain there is generally a loss as well, in computational fluid dynamics you can see it all as a series of peaks and troughs and you just end up shuffling them up and down the rev range. obviously its pointless tuning waves for 10,000rpm on a commer [:0].
getting max flow with max port velocity is the key to success

keeping things transonic, as soon as it all goes supersonic VERY odd things start to happen, like nozzles become diffusers and vice-versa [xx(]
can i go to bed now pleeeeeeease
"you were only supposed to blow the bloody SLIDING doors off no.3"