It's called a Woodruff key, it's semi-circular and fits in a groove in the crank shaft, it's to stop the sprocket from turning on the shaft. The sprocket should just slide over it, as Martin says, with a little persuasion. A big screwdriver as a lever behind it should do the trick.
Very easy to break one of the teeth off so apply force carefully only to rear of pulley, sometimes a gentle tap with a copper mallet on the end of the crankshaft backwards helps loosen it. I've learnt this the hard way on a Minor!
I used a utility bar which I also use for carefully lifting floor boards. It came of easily as I could get the utility bar under the sprocket and gradually lever it off the woodruff key. All teeth are still present!